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J! C(VAUGHN & F. LEAOH.

MAKING LEAD PIPE.

No. 1,463. Patented Dec; 31, 1,839.

JOSEPH C. VAUGHN'AND FREDK. LEACH, OF TIOGA, NEW YORK.

1VIOLD FOR CASTING: AND MACHINE FOR DRAWING LEAD PIPES.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 1,463, dated December 31, 1839.

that the following is a full and exact description,

The nature of our invention consists in providing machinery so constructed as to manufacture, lead into such form (viz., tubes or pipes) as shall answer for conducting water or any other fluid from one place to another.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use our invention we will proceed to describe its construction and operation, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the same, making part of this specification.

We provide a cast-iron plate A (Figure 1) four feet by three and a half square and six inches thick (or of any dimensions most suitable) and whichwe denominate a bed plate. Upon this plate we place four rollers B B B B (Fig. 1) sixteen inches diameter and one and one-half inches thick, each having a groove of one quarter of an exact circle turned in its edge and placed at right angles with each other, forming when brought in contact an exact circle or hole, as shown in Fig. 2; B B B B the rollers; H the circleor hole formed by their junction. These rollers are hung on journals or shafts and secured to their place by six pedestals C C G C C C, Figs. 1 and 2,) strongly bolted to the bed plate A and all geared together by gear wheels D D, (Figs. 1 and 2,) being two spur wheels which connect two of the rollers and E E E E, (Fig. 2,) four bevel gear wheels which connect them with the other two, so that when set in motion they all revolve together and with equal motion. The bevel cog wheels may be omitted and the edges of the wheels previously beveled be brought in contact so that they shall be caused to turn together by friction instead of cogs. Immediately under the rollers we make a hole through the bed plate of suflicient size to let the lead pipe pass through freely. Upon each corner we place four standards E E E E (Fig. 1,) about seven feet high, secured to the plate at the bottom by bolts and fastened together at the top by an iron plate F, (Fig. 1) bolted to each standard and having a slot 9 cut out from the center to the edge of sufficient size to admit a hollow rod or mandrel.

H is a rod or mandrel suspended from the plate F (and which may be taken out or put in at pleasure,) made hollow from the,

top to within about four inches of the rollers and of suflioient length to reach from the plate F to the bed plate A, passing through the hole H (Fig. 2) (formed by the rollers) and leaving suliicient space between it and the rollers to make the lead of a proper thickness for pipes. ,Upon this mandrel we place what we denominate a blank-that is, a hollow casting of leadand then introduce both mandrel and lead between the rollers, (the mandrel being fastened at the top to the plate F.) set in motion drawing the lead off the mandrel, through the rollers and passing it off through the hole in the bed plate, at the same time the rollers reduce it to its proper size and thickness for pipes. v, The object in making 'the mandrel hollow is to confine therein a quantity of oil which is emitted The rollers are then i through small lateral holes h (Fig. 5) 7 drilled into the mandrel at the bottom of its hollow to keep the mandrel and the inside of the lead oiled as the'lead is drawn off.

The blanks or pipes are cast in a mold made of cast-iron A, B, (Figs. 3 and 4,)

(each figure representing one half of the mold and made to fit each other) and differs.

when placed in the center of the mold at' each end, will touch the upper side of the mold in the center as shown inFig. 4, at

which point we drill a hole through the mold, one half of the hole being in each half of the mold. To this hole we fit a rod of iron which we call a gage D made, on the end that enters the mold sufliciently concave to fit on one side of the rod C as it lies in the mold. The gage is then pressed down upon the rod by the hand far enough to spring or bend (the rod) to its proper place in the mold as shown in Fig. 3. The molten lead is then poured into the mold, the gage pressed by the hand still holding the rod to its,placethat is, with its center in a line with the center of the curved noldsuntil the mold is filled up to the underside of the a e. ihg the rod which is by this time firmly fastened or held toitsplace by the lead that has already chilled 'andthe lead at the sametime continued to be poured in until the -mold is filled. The rod and lead are then taken out the rod drawn out of the lead or blank and replaced in the-mold ready for another casting. During (the process of casting; the mold'is elevated at one end so as tobring it on anangle .ofabout 455 degrees and the lead poured into the highest end through a funnel E. Figs, 3 andt). v

The object in using the gageis t0 regulate the-variationof the rod C caused by the loWer sideheating before the upper, consequently expanding the lower side most and throwing it out of its place in the mold. In

the old mode of casting Witha straight mold and rod assoon asthe hot lead came in contact ithgtheir surfaces they expanded and became convex toward each other, thus reducing the space for the lead on one side and increasing it on the other which: of course caused the pipe to becast ofunequal thick ness.- Now. by making themold gently curved in the manner above described and bending the straight rod so as to makethe space for the lead around it the same Widthl and holding it in that position while pouring in the moltenlead until it rises to the gage which is then withdrvavvnaas thelead becomes chilled sufficiently to hold the rod in the It is then suddenly drawn bacl ,-leav- V center of the mold andthen continuing to pour inlead untilthemold be filled-the evil of unequal thickness of pipe in casting arising from the surfaces of the rod' and mold next each other becoming convex and the space diminished by the'expansion of the metalis prevented. Y

Having thus'fully described our invention and the manner of Working the same We Would have it understood that We are aware that lead pipes havebeen made by placing a cast lead tube on to a mandrel and passing the same successively through two grooved rollers until the pipe is reduced to its proper thickness, as in the process of making round bar iron; and th svvedonot claim; but

What-We. do claim as our invention and de sire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. The employment offourrolle'rs in com- 'binationvvith the fixedmandrel in the manner and for thepurpose herein described and also the making the mandrel hollow from the top-to near the bottom to contain oil and pro.

vided with small holes to'allow the oil to percolate and thereby prevent the lead from V adheringto the iron, all as herein described. 2. And We alsoclaim the making of the mold curved in combination Withthe employment of the gage for the purpose and the manner herein described.

Josnrn o. AUGHN. H FREDERICK LEACl-I.

Witnesses NELSON J oHNsoin H. W. CAMP; 

